Hypertension
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is consistently elevated. It is a significant risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
Causes
Hypertension can be caused by several factors, including:
- Lifestyle Factors: Such as unhealthy diet (high in salt and low in potassium), lack of physical activity, obesity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Genetic Factors: Family history of hypertension can increase the risk.
- Medical Conditions: Such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and sleep apnea.
- Age: Risk increases with age due to stiffening of arteries and changes in hormone levels.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hypertension involves measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. The diagnosis is confirmed if blood pressure readings consistently exceed 130/80 mm Hg.
Complications
Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to severe complications, including:
- Heart Disease: Such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, and heart failure.
- Stroke: Increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
- Kidney Disease: Damage to the kidneys over time, leading to chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.
- Eye Damage: Retinopathy, which can lead to vision loss.
Management
Management of hypertension involves:
- Lifestyle Modifications: Including dietary changes (low salt, high potassium diet), regular physical activity, weight management, and smoking cessation.
- Medications: Depending on the severity of hypertension, medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers may be prescribed.
- Regular Monitoring: Monitoring blood pressure regularly to ensure it remains within target levels.
Patient Education
Dr. Tanish Dhir stresses the importance of patient education in managing hypertension. Understanding the condition, adhering to treatment plans, and adopting healthy lifestyle habits are crucial for long-term control and prevention of complications.
